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Frida Kahlo de Rivera ((:ˈfɾiða ˈkalo); July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954), born Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderón,〔 was a Mexican painter who is best known for her self-portraits. Kahlo's life began and ended in Mexico City, in her home known as the Blue House. Her work has been celebrated in Mexico as emblematic of national and indigenous tradition, and by feminists for its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form. Mexican culture and Amerindian cultural tradition are important in her work, which has been sometimes characterized as naïve art or folk art. Her work has also been described as surrealist, and in 1938 André Breton, principal initiator of the surrealist movement, described Kahlo's art as a "ribbon around a bomb".〔 Frida rejected the "surrealist" label; she believed that her work reflected more of her reality than her dreams. Kahlo had a volatile marriage with the famous Mexican artist Diego Rivera. She suffered lifelong health problems, many caused by a traffic accident she survived as a teenager. Recovering from her injuries isolated her from other people, and this isolation influenced her works, many of which are self-portraits of one sort or another. Kahlo suggested, "I paint myself because I am so often alone and because I am the subject I know best." She also stated, "I was born a bitch. I was born a painter." ==Childhood, 1907–1925== Frida Kahlo was born on July 6, 1907, in her parents' house known as ''La Casa Azul'' (The Blue House), in Coyoacán. At the time, Coyoacán was a small town on the outskirts of Mexico City. Kahlo's father, Guillermo Kahlo (1871–1941), was born Carl Wilhelm Kahlo in 1871, in Pforzheim, Germany, the son of Jakob Heinrich Kahlo and Henriette Kaufmann. During Kahlo's lifetime and subsequently, media reports stated that her father was Jewish.〔Hayden Herrara, ''Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo'', 1983 p5〕 However, genealogical research indicates that her father was not of Jewish heritage, but was from a Lutheran family.〔''Fridas Vater: Der Fotograf Guillermo Kahlo'' by Gaby Franger and Rainer Huhle〕 Wilhelm Kahlo emigrated to Mexico in 1891, at the age of nineteen, and upon his arrival, changed his German forename, Wilhelm, to its Spanish equivalent, Guillermo.〔〔 Kahlo's mother, Matilde Calderón y González, was a devout Roman Catholic of mixed Spanish and indigenous Mexican ancestry. Kahlo's parents were married soon after the death of Guillermo's first wife, which occurred during the birth of her second child. Although their marriage was quite unhappy, Guillermo and Matilde had four daughters; Kahlo was the third. She had two older half sisters who were raised in the same household. Kahlo had a difficult relationship with her mother, who was domineering and depressive, but her relationship with her father was affectionate. The Mexican Revolution began during 1910, when Kahlo was three years old. She later gave her birth date as July 7, 1910, allegedly wanting her birth to coincide with the beginning of the revolution so her life would begin with the birth of modern Mexico. In her writings, she recalled that her mother would usher her and her sisters inside the house as gunfire echoed in the streets of her hometown. Kahlo contracted polio at age six, which left her right leg thinner than the left; she disguised this later in life by wearing long skirts or trousers. To help her regain her strength, her father encouraged her to exercise and play sports. She took up bicycling, roller skating, swimming, boxing, and wrestling, despite the fact that many of these activities were then reserved for boys. It has been conjectured that she was born with spina bifida, a congenital condition that could have affected both spinal and leg development.〔("Frida Kahlo Biography" ) Frida Kahlo Foundation, undated, Retrieved 9 June 2015〕 In 1922, Kahlo was enrolled in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, one of Mexico's premier schools, where she was one of only thirty-five girls. Kahlo joined a clique at the school and became enamored of its strongest personality, Alejandro Gómez Arias. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frida Kahlo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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